Short Problem Definition:
Find value that occurs in odd number of elements.
Link
Complexity:
expected worst-case time complexity is O(N)
expected worst-case space complexity is O(1)
Execution:
This problem can be found in many algorithm books. A xor A cancels itself and B xor 0 is B. Therefore A xor A xor B xor C xor C is B.
Solution:
def solution(A):
missing_int = 0
for value in A:
missing_int ^= value
return missing_int